Essay about The Possible Mechanisms of Scrapie Contraction

The Possible Mechanisms of Scrapie Contraction Scrapie was first discovered in Great Britain in the late 1900’s. The first case of scrapie in the United States was found in Michigan in 1947 when the flock owner had imported sheep of British origin several years prior. Since then scientists have researched to find the cause of the scrapie agent that are classified as transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. At the present, scientists have presented three main theories that explain why the scrapie agent holds a dangerous threat against its host and how it elicits its symptoms. Scientists are finding genetic alternatives to prevent and dampen the spread of scrapie within sheep and goat flocks. They use methods such as tatoing and genetic†¦show more content†¦Because of the mysterious nature of the disease, the origin of scrapie and the damage it causes the body can only be theorized. The three main theories of scrapie and its structure’s effect on the symptoms it causes sheep and goats all present potential in formation about the disease and its cure (Scrapie Fact Sheet. August 2001: http://www.animalagriculture.org/scrapie/AboutScrapie/FactSheet.htm) The uncertainty of the origin and cause of scrapie is due to the insufficient research to find a solution to the epidemic because it is still considered a relatively new disease and not an immediate threat to humans. There have been three main theories of the cause of scrapie and its resistant nature to all previous experimental cures. The first theory is that the agent is a virus with unusual characteristics. The second theory is that the agent is a prion, which is an exclusively host-coded protein that is modified to a protease-resistant form after infection. The last theory is that the agent is a virino, a small nucleic acid coated with a host-derived protective protein that allows it to resist scientists’ futile attempts at destroying it (Scrapie Fact Sheet. August 2001: http://www.animalagriculture.org/scrapie/AboutScrapie/FactSheet.htm). The first theory of the scrapie agent being an unusual virus presents a serious problem to scientists because viruses do not respond to antibiotics and other chemicals of that nature. Scientists would have to find an

The Last Samurai Being a Favorite Movie Free Essays

The movie The Last Samurai was not only a great fighting action movie but it also touched on human spirituality, cultural, lifestyle difference and the effect of Japanese culture on a western man. The movie was created in 2003 and takes place in Jap in the 1860s. An American military advisor is embraces the samurai culture that he was hired to destroy after being capture. We will write a custom essay sample on The Last Samurai Being a Favorite Movie or any similar topic only for you Order Now The battle scenes in The Last Samurai are accurate to how the samurai fought back then from weapons to battle strategies. The warrior strategies of the samurai were determined in part by the weapons that were being used as was the topography of the battle site where the fight was being conducted. They would use up close cavalry for open plains battle, while having archers in the mountains that were better suited for the forest and rocky terrains. They are able to combine these two ways to conduct long range and up close melee attacks during a battle. There are two completely different cultures that clash throughout the movie. You have the Japanese old Samurai culture that hasn’t changed for hundreds of years. Then there is the still new western American culture that Japan is trying to adapt into. The Japanese Samurai culture has always has great discipline and lived by the code of Bushido. Bushido has seven virtues to it which are, Duty or also known as Right Action, Courage, Benevolence, Morality, Truthfulness, Honor and Loyalty. They would live everyday disciplining themselves to this and believed so highly in it that if they disgraced themselves they would commit Seppuku which is taking their own life. While you have the new still forming western culture of America where people were more selfish greedy and wild instead of discipline. They strongly believed in growing stronger through selling or trading and expanding their reaches across the globe. In the beginning of the movie you will see the main character Major Nathan Algeren of the united states army who is sadden, angry and a personal lost of oneself. He despises himself so much that he has to lose himself every night in a bottle of alcohol hoping and wishing someone will release him from his pain by killing him. When he is capture by the same people he was suppose destroy, he is then able to see and study the way of how another culture lives. He eventually takes part in the ways of the Samurai and experiences the mysterious culture of his enemy. By keeping an open mind and fully taking in what he learned from the different culture of his enemies he is able to find a peace within himself that he has never felt before and a new path of life that he can follow happily with no regrets. The movie does have awesome historical accurate battle scenes but it also has a deeper story about how a different culture that can seem strange at first effect someone in a good way. Major Nathan Algeren was an unstable person that thought he didn’t deserve to live but was able to find a peace that he never imagined through learning and experiencing a different culture that he use to refer to as primitive. It’s just like the quote â€Å"never judge a book by its cover†. How to cite The Last Samurai Being a Favorite Movie, Essay examples

Relationship Between Architecture and Art

Question: Writeabout the Relationship Between Architecture and Art. Answer: Introduction Harmony is defined to be the state of co-existence achievable when two or more elements in the same context complement one another thereby enhancing one anothers effects. It is common that in case two elements exist in perfect harmony rarely are a second thought given to the distinction between the elements at play. This is the same case with architecture and art. The two are often connected that seldom does an individual notice there exist a difference between them. Commonly, people assume and oversimplify this relationship in such a way that architecture is involved with the structures in the built environment while art ends at the decoration point. As brought forth by one of the scholars of the time, art refers to the application or expression of the creative skills and imaginations of human beings in a typical visual form such as sculpture or painting. In this regard, art is primarily aimed at emotional power or beauty. Art has three visual forms i.e. sculpture which refers to art that one can walk around, painting which is art to be looked at and architecture which is basically art that an individual can walk through. From this classification, it is deducible that architecture is in itself a form of art. On the other hand, architecture is defined in three dimensions including firmness, beauty, and usefulness.7 Firmness in this context could as well be referring to strength. Beauty is an expression of the human skills and imagination to a piece of work to communicate the existence of admirable forms and elements. Just like there exist virtual or non-functional buildings, so do unconventional pieces of art for example sound sculptures and three-dimensional paintings. Another scholar yet also defined architecture as a form of art in which one deliberately or unknowingly creates an emotion of aesthetics in an atmosphere and when the environment reciprocates by producing well-being.[1] Artistic elements are easily found in a building for example in traditional architecture of both the east and west, parts of the building for example columns, beams and roofs were found to have heavily ornamented with sculptures and painted reliefs. However, there exist numerous artworks which trace their aspirations from architecture. Taking Ronchamp Chapel, France, done by Le Corbusier as one of the case studies. In his design, Le Corbusier makes visitors walk round the building before getting to the entrance. He deliberately ignores placing the chapel right at the end of the road and instead opts for people to walk a further distance to the end of the hill. The walk up the hill is not on straight paths but rather along curved walkways. These are seen as design strategies to delay the arrival of visitors to the chapel. The long journey through the woods as one move up the end of the hill is seen as a preparatory for the holy experience to the visitors.5 As they walk a longer distance, they find enough time to settle and set their mind in readiness for a holy service. In case the chapel would have been located right at the end of the road, it would mean most of the visitors would be bumping into the place of worship immediately from the street denying them ample time for spiritual preparation. This architecture is an expression of a form of art dealing with human emotion. The building interior is dark having stained glass windows which give a sharp contrast to the pristine exterior. In addition to the main altar, there are three other smaller chapels which are linked to the main worship space. Each altar has its own light tower which is a reflection of three exterior towers. The three towers can as well as a symbolism of the Trinity i.e. God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.7 These towers are linked together just like the three Godheads work together. This is yet another expression of architecture in the form of art and vice versa. Considering the building form, Le Corbusier was inspired by the wing of a dove, bat or by a pair of hands praying.8 This makes the design exhibit both sculptural and organic properties. It is organic in the sense that the inspiration is derived from activities related to the intended purpose which is in this case praying. Using the concept of paying hands in the design of a charge not only provides the well-being of the environment but also improves on its aesthetics. The building form would always create an emotion of humility to the users of the structure and passers-by. The shape of the building is quite complex encompassing planes (both vertical and horizontal), volumes and points to come up with a bigger form in which all the shapes included are in harmony. One would have different experiences of the facades when going round the building. Each of the elevations gives a unique feeling of the chapel.8 Another illustration of the relationship between art and architecture in this case study is the materials used in the construction. Le Corbusier chose to use concrete in his design even though most of the churches and places of worship at the time were done with stones and bricks. Even though he used concrete throughout the structure, it does not create monotony or dominance. This is achieved through the differences in the textures at various points. Through art, Le Corbusier chose to have some surfaces rough while others smooth taking care not ensure harmony between the differently textured surfaces.[2] In conclusion, architecture is the mother art. If we do not have an architecture of our won, then we have no soul of the civilization of ourselves. In other words, architecture is art and art are architecture. Artists not only manipulate the spaces that are available with structures but more often than not architects take up the role of artists themselves. Artistic works usually stand out in architectural pieces of work but work together with them to bring harmony and conformity of the building. Art and architecture must, therefore, work in harmony to improve the usefulness of a structure as buildings are no longer just establishments and elections from the surface of the ground. References Benjamin, Andrew. Writing Art and Architecture. London: re.press, 2010. Brouwer, Joke. ARt D: Research and Development in Art. Kansas: V2_ publishing, 2005. Diamonstein, Barbaralee. American architecture now. New York: Rizzoli, 2005. Jodidio, Philip. Architecture: Nature. New Delhi: Prestel, 2006. Kleinbauer, W. Eugene. Modern Perspectives in Western Art History: An Anthology of Twentieth-century Writings on the Visual Arts. California: University of Toronto Press, 2007. Masmoudi, Slim. Attention, Representation, and Human Performance: Integration of Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. New York: Psychology Press, 2012. Taylor, Mark C. Disfiguring: Art, Architecture, Religion. New York: University of Chicago Press, 2012. Vesely, Dalibor. Architecture in the Age of Divided Representation: The Question of Creativity in the Shadow of Production. London: MIT Press, 2004.